United Nations and Big Powers Essay Example for Free

United Nations and Big Powers Essay Mellowed by experience, the founders of the United Nations realized that, if the new organization was to keep and secure international peace, it must be far stronger organization. So, with practical sense and pragmatic considerations, they sort to make an improvement upon the League-Covenant. The United Nations Charter clearly proves such an improvement. First, the League did not sufficiently recognize the value of self determination, human rights, and equal rights of men and women and of nations, large and small, the United Nations Charter has emphasized all these values. Secondly, the League intended to keep peace without outlawing war. But the United Nations has, under Art 2 (4), prohibited war. Thirdly, the League failed to distribute power properly between two chief organs – the General Assembly and the Security Council. But the United Nations has very carefully demarcated power between them. Thus, under Art 24 (1), the â€Å"primary responsibility† of maintenance of peace and order has been entrusted upon the Security Council. Fourthly, all the member-states are to take an oath, under Art 2 (3) that on the call of the Security Council, they must unitedly stand against any aggressor. Fifthly, chapter VI contains several Articles regarding pacific and compulsive settlement of disputes for maintaining peace. Thus, in act of aggression, the Security Council may advice the disputing states to settle the issue peacefully. But, if anyone of them defies it, the Security Council can adopt punitive measures by asking all the member-states to cut off political, diplomatic and economic relations with the ‘culprit’. If this measure too fails, the Security Council may adapt military measures by sea, air and land-forces and all the member states are bound to provide the UN-army necessary troops, material and passages in order to continue military operations. For conducting such operations, Art 47 (1) has provided for the appointment of a Military Staff Committee. Thus, since the beginning, it was claimed that the United Nations was an organization sufficiently empowered to take action against a recalcitrant state and, that international peace was sufficiently secured with the formation of such an organization. Authors like Norman Benthic have even claimed that, it has â€Å"teeth†. But, as a matter of fact, the United Nations and the Security Council have failed to serve the purpose as desired by the makers. It is true that, on few occasions, like the Korea-crisis, the UN was able to take action for securing peace. When, in 1950, North Korea, strengthened by the Chinese support, attacked South Korea by crossing the 38 degree parallel, the UN took joint action in order to establish peace and justice by saving South Korea. As Eichelberger opines, â€Å"Korea presents a clear example of United Nations’ application of collective security† (Eichelberger 20). But, on many other occasions, it has failed to serve its purpose and, hence, peace has been threatened on various situations. For example, the UN has failed to prevent America from taking action in Vietnam, or to protect India in 1962 from Chinese aggression, or to prevent Soviet Russia from interfering in the affair of Afghanistan. In short, on various occasions, his weakness has been discernible, because the Big Powers have often defied the United Nation by violating their pledge. Thus, the chief reason of the failure of the United Nations is the conflicting interests of the Big Powers. For this reason, Clement observes, â€Å"The very name United Nations is a misnomer and, hence, may be called disunited nations† (Clement 483). Particularly, after the end of Second World War, the USA and Soviet Russia, the erstwhile partners, drifted apart and became strong enemies. Though Britain and France joined the American camp, communist China sided with the Soviet Russia. Thus, the major powers have been divided into two contending camps. Moreover, even the members of the same camp have developed mutual rivalry and distance. These conflicting interests have been reflected inside the United Nations. For this reason, on each occasion, they pursued different policies both within and outside the United Nations. For example, though it is said that the United Nations’ army saved South Korea in 1950, only fifteen nations took part in the military operation – some states like Soviet Russia opposed it and some others remained neutral. Such differences have materially weakened the UN. Moreover, the Soviet Veto paralyzed the Security Council from taking actions in Korea and hence, the General Assembly, by adopting the â€Å"Uniting for Peace Resolution† adapted the decision of taking military action. As Nicolas observes, â€Å"The failure of the Security Council to function as planned threw the Assembly into an unintended prominence† (Nicolas 72). Moreover, as pointed out earlier, the Charter intended that the Security Council can take action against the villain of peace. As Godspeed opines, â€Å"The Council is free to utilize any technique or procedure or combination of methods or which might prove useful†. But often the maintenance of peace requires military action. But through the Charter speaks of a Military Staff Committee, it has not yet been set up due to Big power-differences. As Russell observes, â€Å"Collective Security, as a method of preventing war cannot succeed until there is an international armed force. † But the United Nation has no such a force due to conflicts of Big Powers. In this way the major powers have actually defied the pledge of the United Nation and have reduced it into an impotent organization.

The Volkswagen Beetle :: essays research papers

The people's car – generically, Volkswagen in German – is almost as old as the automobile, and the type was familiar in Germany long before the advent of the Volkswagen. Usually these 'popular'; cars were minimal cars, though size and simplicity did not necessarily bring them within the reach of the ordinary man in the street.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Henry Ford did build a successful universal car, to sell at a low price, but his Model T with its 2.9-litre engine was by no means a small car, nor was the Model A that followed it. When it was in production in the late 1920s, small 'proper'; cars in Germany ranged from the 700-cc DKW to the 1-litre Opel, with small Adlers, the BMW Dixi (a license-built Austin Seven) and the NSU-Fiats to come. These stimulated desire rather than a year's wage for an average worker. This prompted motorcycle manufacturer Zundapp to commission a low-cost car design from Dr. Ferdinand Porsche's new design studio. The project did not get far, but a Porsche-designed NSU that reached that prototype stage in 1933 accurately foreshadowed the Volkswagen.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The idea of a people's car appealed to Porsche, and it fascinated Adolf Hitler. When the Nazi Party came to power in 1933, one of his pet notions was the concept of motoring for the masses, and a meeting with Porsche was to be a meeting of minds. Once again Porsche was commissioned to design a popular car, and when the first ludicrously tight financial limits were relaxed he accepted the technical challenge.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  It is possible that Porsche received too much credit for the design of the Volkswagen, for most of the technical elements had been seen before in the work of such men as Ledwinka, Rumpler, Rabe and Nibel. The Volkswagen reflected the Porsche Buro's earlier designs, but it was to reach production and eventually succeed beyond the wildest limits of the Thirties dream.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In 1931, the Porsche independent front suspension was patented. It interested many manufactures, and was to be important to the Volkswagen. It was devised around torsion bars, not new as such, but in this arrangement the two transverse bars were housed in tubular cross members, with a lower trailing link at each end, and an upper link pivoted to the frame and combined with a friction shock absorber. This was lighter than the then-common transverse leaf spring arrangement, but it meant that the wheels rolled with the body.

Why christains believe god is present in our lives.

Catholics believe that God Is present In our lives through rituals. Catholics believe that doing the sign of the cross is a significant way to start a conversation with God by putting yourself In the presence of God. Also by attending mass It Is declaring that they belong to God and want to obey him and when Catholics go to receive transubstantiation Catholics are accepting the suffering that Christ has done for us. Catholics also believe that God is present in our lives through ethics.Catholic ethics come from the 10 commandments, it is important that we know the everlasting laws f God and what they mean such as â€Å"thou shall not steal† means that we shouldn't steal because it is disrespectful and we should respect others property as we wool like done to us. Another moral is â€Å"thou shall not harm† because humans are a creation of God and if we harm others or ourselves we are destroying Gods creation and â€Å"thou shall not bear false witness† means to no t lie about one self of anyone else.All of these ethics come under respect one self and one another. Why Catholics think It Is Important Is that acting morally with the Infinite laws of God, which are so Inspiring to most people that even those who do not know anything of God follow In the path of morality. Catholic believe strongly that God Is present in our lives though practice of individual experience such as baptism. Baptism is significant to the catholic community and faith because to that person getting baptized it represents the start of that person and God's relationship.This individual experience is very similar to conformation, it is similar because conformation In the Catholic Church represents growing up and creating a stronger bond between the person and God. Another individual experience is reconciliation in the Catholic Church, reconciliation is significant in the Catholic Church because â€Å"only God can forgive and cleanse sins away and allowing God to guide that individual through very tough times with making that bond with god and that individual stronger.Catholics believe that God Is present In our lives through rituals. Catholics believe that doing the sign of the cross Is a gallants way to start a conversation with God by putting yourself In the presence of God. Also by attending mass It Is declaring that they belong to God and want to obey him and when Catholics go to receive transubstantiation Catholics are accepting the suffering that Christ has done for us. Catholics also believe that God is present in our lives through ethics.Catholic ethics come from the 10 commandments, it is important that we know the everlasting laws of God and what they mean such as â€Å"thou shall not steal† means that we shouldn't steal because it is disrespectful and we should respect others property as we wool like done to us. Another moral is â€Å"thou hall not harm† because humans are a creation of God and if we harm others or ourselves we are destroying Gods creation and â€Å"thou shall not bear false witness† means to not Ill about one self of anyone else.All of these ethics come under respect one self and one another. Why Catholics think It Is Important Is that acting morally with the Infinite laws of God, which are so Inspiring to most people that even those who do not know anything of God follow in the path of morality. Catholic believe such as baptism. Baptism is significant to the catholic community and faith because o that person getting baptized it represents the start of that person and God's relationship.This individual experience is very similar to conformation, it is similar because conformation in the Catholic Church represents growing up and creating a stronger bond between the person and God. Another individual experience is reconciliation in the Catholic Church, reconciliation is significant in the Catholic Church because â€Å"only God can forgive and cleanse sins away' and allowing God t o guide that individual through very tough times with making that bond with god and that individual stronger.

Taking a Look at Spermicide - 734 Words

There are many different types of contraceptives; some are more common than others, such as the male and female condom or oral contraceptives, usually known as ‘the pill.’ One that is less heard of is ‘spermicides.’ Spermicides are sperm killers and can come in the form of gels, foams, films, suppository and creams. Spermicides are a barrier method of birth control, and contain chemicals, called octoxynol or non- oxynol (N-9,) that restrains and kills sperm. Foam prevents pregnancy by bubbling within the vagina, whereas cream, films, and gel melt in the vagina, all blocking the uterus entrance and killing the sperm. The spermicide products are inserted deep into the vagina before sexual intercourse. The instructions for each form of spermicide must be read and followed carefully, as the requirements and techniques differ, but there are a few general rules: for each act of intercourse, you should apply a new application of spermicide, and if you feel burning or genital irritation, each different type of spermicide contains different amounts of N-9 therefore, find one with less non- oxynol, as well as do not put the spermicide on the tip of the penis as the spermicide may end in the incorrect position and may not have enough time to prepare or dissolve before intercourse. Foams have the same consistency as hair- styling mousse and so you have to shake it for at least thirty seconds before use. Gels and creams have different consistencies but the same level of protection. InShow MoreRelatedPersuasive Essay On Contraceptives1307 Words   |  6 Pagestime. Another type of contraceptive is the contraceptive diaphragm. This is placed inside the vagina. It prevents sperm from getting into the uterus, this doesn t protect against STIs. Next is the cervical cap, it is a thimble-shaped latex cup, it looks like a diaphragm but it is smaller. The cervical cap must stay inside the vagina for a minimal of 6 hours after sex, but it also has to be taken out 48 hours after sex. Another form of birth control is the IUD. The IUD has two types, hormonal or copper-basedRead MoreThere are many different type of birth controls, so I did a survey in Woodcrest on the cost and1800 Words   |  8 Pagesbreaking causing an unwanted pregnancy. Spermicide cost is $8.00 it is not very effective unless used correctly. You don’t need a doctor’s prescription and there is no age limit. As a nurse I would teach the patient that one or both partner may get a minor allergic reaction if so try a different brand name. There are no medical conditions that prohibit the use of this method. Some precaution and contraindication are when used with a female or male condom spermicide is more effective it doesn’t protectRead MoreIn The Nineteenth Century, The Industrial Revolution Caused1043 Words   |  5 PagesMargaret’s accomplishments are important for our society, and she should become one of the fifty greatest Americans. Margaret grew up in a working class family with eleven siblings; she had to spend most of her childhood doing household chores and taking care of her younger siblings. Because of having no knowledge to stop pregnancy and overworking, Margaret’s mother went through eighteen pregnancies, even if having a lot of children was not her desire. She contracted the tuberculosis and died at forty-nineRead More An Argument Against Abortion Essay1400 Words   |  6 Pageswill continue to cause, controversy for years to come. As long as abortion remains legal, pro-life advocates will continue to protest what they believe to be these horrible acts of murder. Dating all the way back to the 1800’s, abortions have been taking place all over the world. In the US abortion laws were created around 1820 stating that women would not have abortions after already being pregnant for four months. Then by 1900 most abortions were outlawed. It wasn’t until 1956 that all fifty statesRead MoreFocus Review : Maternal Newborn Essay1880 Words   |  8 Pagesculture, socioeconomic level, whether the pregnancy was wanted, etc. Generally, there are defined phases in the maternal post-partum period: †¢ Taking-in phase (dependent) – this is the first 24-48 hours after birth. The mother relies on others for help, is excited and talkative, focusing on her own needs, and is reviewing the birth experience †¢ Taking-hold phase (dependent-independent) – this begins from about 48 hours after delivery to about 10 days or more after delivery. The focus is on theRead MoreUnwanted Pregnancy : Its Silent Impact On The Transgender Community2246 Words   |  9 Pagesself-proclaimed ‘butch’, â€Å"all of the things that I thought that made me feel attractive were lacking in the pregnancy,† as her pregnancy made her more feminine features more prominent and full (Henig). For a person who does not want to carry a baby and wish to look like the gender they identify as, this gender dysphoria is made even more prominent and may cause mental and emotional damage, possibly leading to physical damage. According to the American Civil Liberties Union, in certain states (e.g. Colorado,Read MoreTeen Pregnancies : Children And Teens About Sex1787 Words   |  8 Pagesthat teaches the benefits of condoms and contraceptives are prohibited for federal funding.† (Effective Sex) Teens also take pledge of abstinence and purity pledges to help them feel like they are not alone in this world and that there are others taking the pledge to not have sex till marriage, but according to Columbia University researchers, â€Å"virginity pledge programs increase pledge-takers risk for STI’s and pregnancy†(Effective Sex). These are not know to work against teen’s having sex, theyRead MoreGenetically Modified Organisms Research Paper1948 Words   |  8 Pagesscientists had put the spider gene into goats with the hopes that the milk produced from the goats would contain the spider web gene and would be able to be used in the production of bullet proof vests. The human gene had been put into corn to produce spermicide and the cow gene into pigs with the hopes of producing a cow hide on a pig. However, what you may not have known about was the combination of the cow gene being put into ecoli bacteria and then injected back into the cows. The bacteria producedRead MoreAn Analysis of Sexual Health in New Zealand Youth3698 Words   |  15 Pageswill be discussed, and used to analyse unsafe sexual behaviour in youths. The theory of reasoned action looks at the relationship that attitudes have with behaviour, proposing that behaviour is governed by behavioural intentions, which themselves are influenced by attitudes to the behaviour and subjective norms (Reasoned action and planned behaviour theories, 2006). Using this model, we can look at the potential reasoning behind adolescents having unsafe sex. Attitude toward behaviour is a calculatedRead MoreSymptoms And Symptoms Of Herpes Viruses3545 Words   |  15 Pagesherpes (Mertz, 1992, p 11). People with weak or low immune systems, people already diagnosed with HIV, are at very high risk for HSV-2. These people are also at risk for more severe complications from HSV-2. Other people at high risk include, those taking drugs that weaken or suppress the immune system and transplant patients (CDC, 2010, p. 13). The following are examples of people who are at particularly risk for specific forms of herpes. Health care providers, including doctors, nurses, and dentists