Visual Rhetoric Research

Visual talk is a kind of correspondence that occurs in a test yet its occur by the visual pictures or you can say visual talk is the pictures you transform into a contention. The term visual talk itself has a great deal of things that decide it, when assessed a visual talk exposition you should know the shape, the nature, the shading, the engineering, the plan, and so forth of the picture. The most exact spot that utilization visual talk is the notice organization and one of the causes is to draw in clients. Visual Rhetoric doesn't fundamental need a scholarly information to comprehend or to assess a picture since everybody can assess a picture by there own comprehension of the structure. My examination show that the term visual talk is more extensive than I can envision and to go inside that term, we need a visual education process. At the point when I went to https://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/asset/691/01/. It is a page that is more spotlight on the scholarly universe of visual talk, that is the reason they clarify that the term visual talk goes under the words visual proficiency and it brings into three classes: Visual Thinking, Visual Learning, and Visual Communication. Through the comprehension of visual reasoning is the figurative reasoning, the representation, the wellspring of symbolism, and the working cerebrum, the visual learning is the perusing, the structure, and the examination, the visual correspondence is the workmanship, media, and style. When taking a gander at a picture, you ponder the picture before you, at that point you begin to find out about the source, the shape, and the estimation of what you see, and afterward you start your contention with the picture before you. I additionally learned at a similar OWL page segment 04 that the visual talk utilization of pictures has a great deal of effect on the ethos (validity), the structure of a picture can decide if a group of people will value your work or pay attention to you. That give us an understanding, when utilizing visual talk, we have to thing about our crowd and ensure that the shading, structure, engineering, shape, and the idea of the picture is well spot in our plan. Another source says that the more you think about your crowd, the more powerful you will be on your message. You should have a reason and you have to move your crowd through your visual plan. When attempting to discover the reason, setting, and your crowd in an explanatory circumstance, you have to pose yourself same inquiry. Concurring Kostelnick and Roberts, creators of Designing Visual Language, we have to pose those inquiry; â€Å"Is the message source of inspiration? Is the message expected to advise? Who the message coordinated to? Furthermore, What is the motivation behind the record and where it will be viewed?† When those inquiries have an unmistakable addressed then your visual talk aptitudes will be significant. As indicated by A Research Guide for Student, â€Å"the term visual talk is firmly connected to Semiotics, a science contemplating signs and meaning.† I discovered that a can taking a gander at an equivalent picture with another person and it might mean something other than what's expected for the two of us. This is on the grounds that we both can emerge out of various culture or society, in view of that circumstance, the creator must pick his/her crowd cautiously. This page show that visual talk is become progressively noteworthy ordinary since society is contemporary expanding visual, and regardless of whether a book does exclude any plan or picture, it despite everything gives a visual picture to the perusers. Wikibooks consider visual to be as an intertextuality. Which work how a picture has a similar comparability with another picture, that give visual a progressively significant perspective to the world we are living in. That wikibooks page see questions in pictures speak to something that we esteem in our general public or something that have a significance in our way of life. They give a case of the American banner, how individuals consider it to be opportunity in America. The term visual talk shifts culture to culture, you can't pass judgment on somebody imminent on a structure. Red in a picture can mean something in one nation and mean something different in another nation. The term visual talk become increasingly reasonable to me on account of all that I have learn all through my exploration. How one picture can have a boundless importance in light of the variety of culture and the manner in which every individual can inspect the picture. I likewise discover that when planning I have to know who my crowd would be on the grounds that that is one of the quality of visual talk.

Representation of Social Justice in Arts - Free Essay Example

Social Justice in Creative Works Introduction In most cases, matters of social justice entail advocacy of laws that enforce similar treatment to all people. Outspoken people have expressed their views on social justice by using literature as a tool to bring into attention issues related to environment and politics. Regarding the weight of such issues in the society, Mark Hamilton Lytle writes about the story of Rachel Carson, an environmentalist who wrote The Silent Spring with the goal of addressing the use of dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) insecticides and their effects on the environment. Another creative work by Catherine Ming, in the form of community-based theatre, addresses the farm workers and family farmers in the Of farms and Fables. A keen review of the two sources provides a deeper insight into how the theme of social justice may be explored via an analysis of the creative and performing arts. The Gentle Subversive: Rachel Carson, Silent Spring, and the Rise of the Environmental Movement Mark Lytle writes about Rachael Carson forty years later after she came out strongly critiquing the corporate world of agriculture as well as the United States Department of Agriculture on the use of DDT. Although the relevant authorities assured the public that the group of pesticides posed no threat to the health of human beings, she built a strong case against the use of the chemical. She accused the agricultural experts and scientists of subjecting the nature as well as humans to chemical sprays that were toxic. Carson stated that the methods of controlling insects should not destroy human beings together with the insects. Carsons work came out at a time when America was dominantly a patriarchal society, which was faced by hostility from many sources. She was criticized for advocating for diseases and vermin on the planet. Others such as George Decker, an entomologist who was an economist, saw her as unqualified to bring out such remarks and the readers were neither supposed to access such information. Her work was regarded as science fiction by the then Secretary of Agriculture, Ezra Benson who wondered how a spinster without a child would be worried about a pesticide that would affect future generations. Carson maintained her argument in the detrimental effects of the DDTs with composure and dignity. Before, she met her death in 1964; she was able to hear the report by the science advisory committee commissioned by the then president of the US, John F. Kennedy. The committee validated her allegations that indeed there were persistent DDT residues in the environment. This report was the basis for millions of Americans to come out on the streets to celebrate Earth Day, seven years later after the committees report in the pursuit of Carsons dream. Farms And Fables: Cultivating Difference In Community-Based Theatre The creation of this work comes in collaboration with the farm workers and family farmers through embodied research to bring out a picture of the local agriculture in the community. The theatre work takes the artists to act as farm workers to tell a story of the differences in the community. In the work, actors participate in community-based acting where they interact with the local farm workers at Maine to understand their culture and bring it into a play. In the course of interaction between the real workers and the actors the intention of the engagement is realized: the issues affecting the farm workers. The theatre production company realizes that the social issues affecting these farmers at Maine are majorly the uncertainty to hold the ownership of the farms they till. Within the play, a narration is given about two farms. One of the farms is owned by a family that has been cultivating it for generations while the other one belongs to a family which is both new to Maine as wel l as farming. The first farmer laments on how to maintain his family upkeep while faced by an increasing debt while the second farmer struggles to adapt to the new environment. Thought the play, the two farmers depict a repetitive endurance in their labor as well as other issues being faced by migrant farmers. Different storylines are drawn by interspersed movements within groups that show various activities in the farms such as seed planting and vegetable harvesting. The play is staged in Scarborough, Maine in a historic barn named Camp Ketcha where the actors comprise of the professionals as well as the community. At the end of the play, the audience is left with a clear picture of how farm workers toil in their farms as well as their fears due to unprecedented uncertainties. Conclusion The two creative works are effective in shedding more light into the issue of social justice from the environmental perspective. They take the audience back to real life situations that occur everyday lives. Notably, the works are crafted in a manner that enables the readers to relate to the authors and the characters. In the first literature work, although inspired by another authors story, it is evident that women face various challenges in men dominated social setups. Although Carson has a valid point that is supported by science, being a woman makes her hostility. Through perseverance, her argument is validated and it leads to the formation of a movement to safeguard the environment. In the second creative work, the farmers plight is brought into light by the play in a quest for the government to address their issues.

Of Mice and Men Intolerance Essay - 842 Words

Of Mice And Men : Intolerance Essay Societies that discriminate against the weak are unjust. In the novel Of Mice And Men by John Steinbeck, many characters are unfairly oppressed. Society treats Curley s Wife poorly because she is a woman, Crooks because he is black and Lennie because he is disabled. In the end, intolerance leads to tragedy for each one of them. The character of Crooks is a victim of intolerance and discrimination throughout the novel. Society takes advantage of Crooks and neglects him because of the stereotypes of his skin colour. Crooks is not allowed to enter the bunk house where the white men sleep, or dine with them. He is left with the animals, isolated from everyone and exploited by most of the men on the†¦show more content†¦ â€Å" (Steinbeck 32). Curley s Wife, innocent just like Crooks, is also judged and persecuted by others. She is not even given a name, which does not give her any dignity. Curly’s wife is always called out by the ranc hers. Even after her own tragic death Curley s Wife is still seen as the cause of trouble. Candy believes that Curley s Wife is at fault. Candy lets his anger out on Curley s Wife because he has more power than her, â€Å" You God damn tramp, he said viciously. You done it di n t you? I s pose you re glad. Ever body knowed you d mess things up. You wasn t no good. You ain t no good now, you lousy tart. â€Å" (Steinbeck 95). Candy calling out Curley s Wife represents society treating her as a cast off. Curley s Wife is lonely because she is the only woman on the ranch, however because of this, she is always being treated cruelly and without respect. Lastly there is Lennie Small. Lennie is abused throughout the novel due to his disability. He suffers from developmental disability, causing people to act intolerantly towards him. Curley does not understand Lennie s true intention. When Curley gets embarrassed by Lennie, he feels the need to get back at him without tolerating his disability. When he realizes that Lennie has killed his wife, he takes advantage of the moment, â€Å" That big son of a bitch done it. I know he done it... he worked himself into a fury... I ll shoot im in the guts. â€Å"(SteinbeckShow MoreRelatedOf Mice Men Loneliness Essay1353 Words   |  6 Pagesï » ¿Of Mice and Men Loneliness Essay Loneliness is an impossible fact of life that nobody can avoid especially during the Great Depression. In the novel, Of Mice and Men, a novella by John Steinbeck shows that in the early 1930s – during the Great Depression – was a period of great loneliness of men and women, therefore people are driven to find friendship in order to escape the loneliness. But barely anyone find the right companionship while a lot of them were still lonely even if they found theirRead MoreWhat Do You Learn About Steinbeck‚Äà ´s View of Human Nature from Reading His Novel ‚Äà ²of Mice and Men‚Äà ´1242 Words   |  5 PagesThis essay is about how John Steinbeck represents human nature and the nice and unfavourable qualities people had during the American depression in the 1930s where the story ‘Of Mice and Men’ took place. The story shows the way different people will react diversely to various situations. In this case, living with the trouble of having to travel to faraway places to search for jobs. It shows how some people can behave overly difficult while others can be calm, friendly and easy to live with. The manyRead More A Comparison of the Ideals of Bronte in Jane Eyre and Voltaire in Candide2672 Words   |  11 Pagesbusiness? But, Reverend Father, said Candide, there is a terrible amount of evil in the world. What does it matter, whether theres evil or good? said the dervish. When His Highness sends a ship to Egypt, does he worry about whether the mice in it are comfortable? Then what ought we to do? said Pangloss. Keep quiet, said the dervish. (118)    Candide ascertains that the world was created imperfectly, yet he still should not blame God. The dervish hints at the remedyRead MoreMWDS Candide4817 Words   |  20 PagesArouet, better known as Voltaire, was born in 1694 in Paris, France. Though his father wanted him to become a lawyer, Voltaire long held a great passion for writing, and rather than going to law school, spent his time extensively composing poetry, essays, and historical studies. His widespread recognition as an author was established with the publication of the play â€Å"Oedipus†, a variation on the original Greek tragedy, in 1718. In 1726, after a fight with a French nobleman, Voltaire was exiled toRead MoreLogical Reasoning189930 Words   |  760 Pagesprobable good consequences of each action and the probable bad consequences while weighing the positive and negative impact of each consequence. It’s a kind of cost-benefit analysis. Exercises 1. Columbus Day is an American holiday. Write a short essay that weighs the pros and cons and then comes to a decision about whether there should be more or less public celebration (by Americans and their institutions) on Columbus Day, October 12. Here is some relevant background information to reduce your

Free Speech Should Be A Limit - 1348 Words

According to Susan Jacoby, noted feminist and New York Times columnist, â€Å"I am a First Amendment junkie. You can’t OD on the First Amendment, because free speech is its own best antidote† (A First Amendment Junkie,19). Free speech is best refuted by itself because if someone doesn’t like a certain opinion, then they can reciprocate their opinion. In order for free speech to be refuted, someone needs to exercise their right of free speech and refute it. Jacoby is writing in the mid-to-late 70s, when the freedom of speech was in debate. Even more so now, people are arguing and misinterpreting free speech in the First Amendment. The First Amendment specifically states, â€Å"Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment . . . or abridging†¦show more content†¦(Berkeley News) This event is important because, the students at Berkeley won’t be penalized for speaking their minds, they protested their opinions and their points of view have b een heard. Another issue that is in the news, is that â€Å"the United States federal government should substantially increase progressive taxation† or increase minimum wage. (NFHS) If the person or people who thought of this issue didn’t bring it to the federal government’s attention, then nothing would have been done about this issue and it would stay unresolved and may never be brought up or fixed. All in all, if having an idea and presenting it to the public were to be banned, then our society would crumble and nothing new would be created and no one’s viewpoints would be heard. Restricting the freedom of speech and putting limits on it is a slippery slope. An idea or course of action which will lead to something unacceptable, wrong, or disastrous. First off, let’s say that our society found a panel of judges to censor things. Once they start censoring certain things, they will get greedy and want to censor everything that they believe should b e censored and not what is good for society as a whole. For example, Jacoby states that if feminists became the judges of censoring things they would not only censor â€Å"girlie magazines† but they would likely also want toShow MoreRelatedThe Fundamental Principles Of The Us Constitution1439 Words   |  6 Pagesthe US Constitution is the freedom of speech. Something so ingrained in the country, that it is often an afterthought for many Americans. John Stuart Mill believes that freedom of expression and speech is a necessity for the human race to advance and evolve. Mill’s justification of this absolute freedom come from the understanding that mistakes and choices made by the person leads to progress and the development of your individual self. He also argues that speech must be absolute because the only wayRead MoreFreedom Of Speech : Free Speech1296 Words   |  6 PagesFreedom Of Speech In 399 B.C, the Greek Philosopher Socrates was persecuted for an early argument promoting free speech. Later on, The Protection of Speech was first introduced when the Magna Carta was signed in 1215, and in 1948, the United Nations stated that free speech is a human right and drafted into the international Declaration of Human rights.The government doesn t have the right to make a law abridging the freedom of speech because Free Speech is a form of democracy and it s a fundamentalRead MoreFree Speech : The Benefits Of Freedom Of Speech805 Words   |  4 Pagesconjectured how the term freedom of speech is expressed? Freedom of speech is more than the ordinary everyday concept of the synchronization and harmony of speaking freely. In this response, we will strongly scrutinize origins and benefits regarding free speech, circumstances that may restrict free speech, free speech in Canada and determine protesters objection to Jordan Peterson. Without any hesitation, let us enact the impor tance of free speech concerning if campus debate should be permitted or not permittedRead MoreFree Speech : Freedom Of Speech1403 Words   |  6 PagesFREE SPEECH Freedom of speech is perhaps the most precious tenets of liberal democracies accorded to the citizens of the free world. The United States, and the rest of the Western society is known to be the cradle of democratic principles, and this can be evidenced by the level of freedom accorded to the citizens of the United States and the West in terms of speech. The freedom of speech gives an individual an opportunity to speak his or her mind and also give his or her opinion, sometimes on veryRead MoreThe Golden Age Of Technology1244 Words   |  5 PagesThe Constitution of the United States gives every person the right to free speech, as listed in the First Amendment. The freedom of speech grants citizens the power to say what they want without getting punished by the government. Nevertheless, there are limits to this right. The question of when the freedom of speech applies remains controversial. The Background Essay: Should Schools Be Allowed to Limit Students’ Online Speech? addr esses the case Gitlow v. New York. The Supreme Court ruled that theRead MoreFreedom Of Speech Should Not Be Legal1644 Words   |  7 Pagesin into a positive way. Freedom of speech is the right to express any opinion without being restrained by anyone, expressing ourself in part of being a person in that s what makes up who we are. We could believe in things,people or anything we have strong beliefs in. Students of any college should not be told by any any college officials what they can say and what they cannot say, they should be able to express any beliefs they feel strong about .students should be able to express what they out withoutRead MoreFree Speech vs Hate Speech Essay1647 Words   |  7 PagesFree Speech vs. Harmful Hate Speech Freedom of speech is instilled at the beginning of the Bill of Rights and it allows citizens of the United States to express their opinions without being afraid of what might happen to them, much like in other countries. Many times people are directly or indirectly harmed by others’ actions that are considered a right under the freedom of speech clause. Though, some people worry that if we do not allow for complete freedom of speech, it is hard to figure outRead MoreThe World War I And The Red Scare1552 Words   |  7 Pagesdistributing a document denouncing the draft in name of the 13th amendment (Schenck 1). When insurgency and fear continued, Congress amended the Espionage Act with the Sedition Act, which limited many more forms of speech (Fariello 14). At this point, society had to decide whether these limits on speech aligned with its interests. Holmes similarly had to consider whether to forfeit his belief that ideals in the Constitution and its Amendments exist absolutely (Cohen 27). In the end, he decided that a balanceRead MoreFree Speech : A Free Society975 Words   |  4 PagesUnderstanding Free Speech in a Free Society The United States Constitution granted citizens of the United States several basic liberties. The Bill of Rights 10 which is amendments guaranteeing basic individual protection such as freedom of speech and of religion–became part of the Constitution in 1791 (history.com). While most rights are accepted and welcomed in colleges and universities, free speech comes with limitations. The First Amendment to the US Constitution states: Read MoreThe Freedom Of Speech By The Bill Of Rights1569 Words   |  7 PagesThe bill of rights was created to give people the fundamentally important individual freedoms that no law could limit or take away. The quote from In Our Defense Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof; or abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press greater emphasis how vital it was to make freedom of speech the main priority for the people of this nation. However, many of the st uff the people express when using this right

Social Environment free essay sample

The Filipino is basically of Malay stock with a sprinkling of Chinese, American, Spanish and Arab blood. The Philippines has a population of 70 million, and it is hard to distinguish accurately the lines between stocks. From a long history of Western colonial rule, interspersed with the visits of merchants and traders, evolved a people of a unique blend of east and west, both in appearance and culture. The Filipino character is actually a little bit of all the cultures put together. The bayanihan or spirit of kinship and camaraderie that Filipinos are famous for is said to be taken from Malay forefathers. The close family relations are said to have been inherited from the Chinese. The piousness comes from the Spaniards who introduced Christianity in the 16th century. Hospitality is a common denominator in the Filipino character and this is what distinguishes the Filipino. Filipinos are probably one of the few, if not the only, English-proficient Oriental people today. We will write a custom essay sample on Social Environment or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Pilipino is the official national language, with English considered as the countrys unofficial one. The Filipinos are divided geographically and culturally into regions, and each regional group is recognizable by distinct traits and dialects the sturdy and frugal llocanos of the north, the industrious Tagalogs of the central plains, the carefree Visayans from the central islands and the colorful tribesmen and religious Moslems of Mindanao. Tribal communities can be found scattered across the archipelago. The Philippines has more than 111 dialects spoken, owing to the subdivisions of these basic regional and cultural groups. Some 80 percent of the population is Catholic, Spains lasting legacy. About 15 percent is Moslem and these people can be found basically in Mindanao. The rest of the population is made up mostly of smaller Christian denominations and Buddhist. The country is marked by a true blend of cultures; truly in the Philippines, East meets West. The background of the people is Indonesian and Malay. There are Chinese and Spanish elements as well. The history of American rule and contact with merchants and traders culminated in a unique blend of East and West, both in the appearance and culture of the people of the Filipinos, or people of the Philippines. Hospitality, a trait displayed by every Filipino, makes these people legendary in Southeast Asia. Seldom can you find such hospitable people who enjoy the company of their Western visitors. Perhaps due to their long association with Spain, Filipinos are emotional and passionate about life in a way that seems more Latin than Asian. The Spaniards introduced Christianity (the Roman Catholic faith) and succeeded in converting the overwhelming majority of Filipinos. At least 80% of the total population belongs to the Roman Catholic faith. The American occupation was responsible for teaching the Filipino people the English language. The Philippines is currently the third-largest English speaking country in the world. Ethnic Groups: 91. 5% Christian Malay, 4% Muslim Malay ,1. 5% Chinese and 3% other. Languages: The national language is Pilipino, which is based on the language of Tagalog, although there are at least one or two dialects spoken in every region. English is both spoken and understood throughout the country, especially in business negotiations and in the government. Hokkien, Cantonese and Mandarin are spoken by older members of the Filipino-Chinese community. Religion: 83% Roman Catholic, 9% Protestant, 5% Muslim, 3% Buddhist and other.

What Should Jane Smith Do an Example by

What Should Jane Smith Do Case #1: Mary Jones Case According to the Pregnancy Discrimination Act (an amendment to Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964) An employer cannot refuse to hire a pregnant woman because of her pregnancy or because of a pregnancy-related condition or because of the prejudices of co-workers, clients, or customers. As long as the Mary Jones will be able to perform the major functions of her job and she has the qualifications needed for the position then she cannot be refused to be hired. In a case filed against Walmart by a certain Jamey Stern ( Ref. Case #97-2480-EEO, 1998). The company agreed to pay $220,000 to settle the case. In this case they were found out that they know that she is pregrnant and they intentionally refused to hire her because of her condition even if she is qualified for the position. Jane Smith can require Mary Jones to pass a Medical Certificate that indicates that she is fit to work. Because if the doctors certificate indicates that she is not fit to work due to her condition she can turn down the application of this pregnant qualified applicant. Need essay sample on "What Should Jane Smith Do" topic? We will write a custom essay sample specifically for you Proceed University Students Very Often Tell Us:Who wants to write essay for me?Specialists recommend: Writing Essay Papers Is Easier With UsBuy College Essays Online College Essay Writing Service Top Rated Essay Writing Service Write My Essay Online Reviews Case#2: Bill Cooper Based on the Title IV of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 an employer cannot refuse to hire or fire an employee because of his or her religion. But the law also said that an employer can refuse an applicant if it will cause an undue hardship on the part of the employers' legitimate business interests. If hiring the individual will requires more than ordinary administrative costs, diminishes efficiency in other jobs, infringes on other employees' job rights or benefits, impairs workplace safety, causes co-workers to carry the accommodated employee's share of potentially hazardous or burdensome work, or if the proposed accommodation conflicts with another law or regulation. Because Bill Cooper was the most qualified for the position, Jane have no choice but to hire him because she has so many options that she can use to fill-up Bills position on Saturday. Jane also expresses that she can hire a part-time worker to fill that position, therefore there is no excuse for her to reject Bill. This problem has a similarity with the case of TRANS WORLD AIRLINES, INC. v. HARDISON (FindLaw, 2006)where in Trans World Airlines (TWA) dismissed Hardison due to refusal to work on Saturday. The court found TWA guilty even if the company argues that they have done all the possible means to find a replacement of Hardison so that the Saturday operation in the Airlines will not be affected. The court reasoned-out that they he court took the analysis that TWA had discarded three sensible alternatives. One of which would have satisfied its obligation without undue hardship. (1) Within the framework of the seniority system, TWA could have permitted respondent to work a four-day week, utilizing a supervisor or another worker on duty elsewhere, even though this would have caused other shop functions to suffer; (2) TWA could have filled respondent's Saturday shift from other available personnel, even though this would have involved premium overtime pay; and (3) TWA could have arranged a "swa p" between respondent and another employee either for another shift or for the Sabbath days, even though this would have involved a breach of the seniority system. Held: TWA, which made reasonable efforts to accommodate respondent's religious needs, did not violate Title VII, and each of the Court of Appeals' suggested alternatives would have been an undue hardship within the meaning of the statute as construed by the EEOC guidelines. Pp. 76-85. (TRANS WORLD AIRLINES, INC. v. HARDISON, 1997) Case#3: Kate Johnson According to Ohio Reference Law-4113.71, employers are not liable when they provide truthful information pertaining to employee job performance unless the employer disclosed particular information with the knowledge that the information was false, with the deliberate attempt to mislead the prospective employer or another person, in bad faith or with malicious purpose. The employer may also be found liable if the information constitutes an unlawful discriminatory practice (Ohio State University, 2004) The discrimination laws that apply to interviewing also apply to reference checking. In order to avoid claims of discrimination, decisions based on references should be made based on objective facts. Do not probe into marital status, age, disabilities, race, religion, or national origin. (Ohio State University, 2004) So now if Jane Smith will objectively answer the question of the probing HR, meaning basing all the information that she will share in the performance Kate Johnson in their company then she doesnt have any liability. Furthermore, it is the right of the prospective employer to know the background and performance of this applicant. In cases like Wattenburg v. United Medical Lab, 269 Or 377, 380, 5252 P2d 113 (1974) a former employer has a qualified privilege to share information about the character or conduct of its employees with present or prospective employers. References AterWayne(2003) Focus Issue Job Reference. Ohio State University. Guide to Reference Checking. U.S. Equal Employment Opportunity. Discrimination by Type: Facts and Guide. Transworld Airline Inc v. Hardison (1997) . In FindLaw.com. Retrieved on November 22, 2006http://caselaw.findlaw.com/us-supreme-court/432/63.html Walmart v Stern. (1998) Ref. Case #97-2480-EEO Wattenburg v. United Medical Lab. (1974) 269 Or 377, 380, 525 P2d 113

Drug Abuse and Depression in Adolescents

Drug Abuse and Depression in Adolescents Free Online Research Papers Depression is a psychiatric disorder characterized by an inability to concentrate,insomnia, loss of appetite, anhedonia, feelings of extreme sadness, guilt, helplessness and hopelessness, and thoughts of death (Jormer and Coyne 7) . Depression can occur in all types of people, including, the young, the old, the rich, and the poor. Adolescents in particular seem to be at risk for becoming depressed (Jormer and Coyne 20) . Adolescents living in poor neighborhoods may be at an increased risk because of additional problems that poverty may cause. There are, in fact, many things in an adolescent’s life that can contribute to depression, drug abuse being a major factor. Drug abuse is a major cause of depression in adolescents who live in poor neighborhoods. Drug abuse is defined is the habitual use of drugs to alter one’s mood, emotion, or state of consciousness. As a teenager, using drugs can be an easy habit to obtain (Cockett 5) . A teen may begin drug abuse because all of their friends are trying it and the peer pressure is too great to resist. Or maybe the teen is going through a stage in his or her life where they feel the need to experiment with drugs. Adolescents are also known to partake in more risk taking activities. After a teens first drug experience a gateway may be opened for addiction and drug abuse (Cockett 20) . There are signs and symptoms of drug abuse that are noticeable in adolescents. These signs can be noticed in the physical appearance of the adolescent, as well as the adolescent’s emotional state. Physical signs may include serious symptoms such as tremors or something more minor like changes in eating habits (Finding Hope and Health: Alcohol and Drug Abuse and Depression 1) . There may also be noticeable changes in the teen’s academic performance. Drug abuse has been known to lower a person’s work ethic. The result of lowered work ethic is often a significant drop in grades, and also an increase in the number of classes missed (Blackman 2) . Living in a poor neighborhood means living in a poor household. There are many disadvantages to living in poor households. One disadvantage for teens is that they are at a greater risk to become addicted to drugs. This may be because of a lack of parental supervision. Often in poor households there is only one parent present. In these single parent homes it is harder for the parent to make time for their children. This is because they are forced to work low paying jobs with long hours. Another factor that may lead to a lack of supervision is both parents having to go to work and having to work long hours because the family is poor. A parent talking to their children about drugs is a major step in the prevention of drug abuse so if there is a lack of parental supervision this major preventive step may not be taken. Another reason teens in poor households become drug abusers lies in their surroundings. Drugs are easy to access in poor communities. The drugs are easier to acces s because of visible drug dealers so-called â€Å"bad neighborhoods† that often go hand in hand with poverty. If a teen sees these drug deals happening they may become curious and become involved in drug usage, or perhaps even drug sales. It also may seem to be the norm if teens see it all the time (Saxe 1) . Drug abuse in poor households can lead to a depressive state in teens. In poor households there may be a lack of social support. Social support has a major impact on the health of adolescents. There are many ways to produce good health, and central to this process are people, as members of households and members of communities. A lack of social support means that adolescents in impoverished households may not have anyone to talk to about their problems with drugs, which could put them into more of a tailspin. This may cause them to spin out of control and may lead to a depressive state. The surroundings in poor neighborhoods add to lifestyle problems. In homes where poverty is prevalent, there is an increased risk that the family will experience physical, emotional, or sexual abuse. There may also be a family history of drug abuse or other addictions in poverty-stricken homes. Also, if a family is living in poverty, they may already have many other problems and may feel like they are not going anywhere in live. This leads to feelings of hopelessness and may put an adolescent to go down the path of drug abuse and depression (Leukfeld and Bukoski 9) . There are signs and symptoms of depression that are noticeable in teens. The depressed may start to wear a different style of clothing, or may begin to dislike what used to be their favorite activities. There are also emotional changes that occur due to depression. The depressed teen may start to develop a more aggressive personality, or may start to frequently talk about death. The depressed teen may become more prone to conflict, and start to get in trouble with authority figures (Teen Depression 4) . However these symptoms may be difficult for guardians to notice. This is because guardians often discard these signs and treat them as no more then teenage mood swings (Blackman 1) . Blackman states that â€Å"Adolescence is a time of emotional turmoil, mood lability, gloomy introspection, great drama and heightened intensity. It is a time of rebellion and behavioral experimentation.† (1) . Another sign that may be noticeable is the academic performance of the teenager. Depression makes the teen have trouble concentrating on their school work. The lack of concentration combined with lower interest levels, results in to a poor academic performance (Teen Depression 3) . There are certain problems regarding depression that arise in poor households. The only way to combat this mental illness is an effective treatment strategy. This is where the problems start. It makes it difficult to treat depression if the underlying problems that cause depression remain. In poor neighborhoods, many of the residents are single parent families. There is a lack of supervision in single parent homes due to the absence of a parent or guardian. Another frequently arising supervision problem is that two parents must work. The two parents are forced to work because there is a shortage of well paying jobs in poor communities (Mallory and Stamler 285) . So both parents must both work low paying jobs in order to provide the necessities for their families. Treatment facilities are an important tool in the battle against depression. In poor neighborhoods there may be basic hospitals, but there may not be any specialized facilities that will better treat depression. T here may also be no access to treatment facilities due to financial barriers. Income and socioeconomic status greatly influence health. The lower the level of income in a family, the more problems there are. An example of this would be the lack of transportation that is available to go to the treatment facilities. Another example of a problem associated with low income families is the low amount of income will not be enough to pay for the specialized treatment. Poor households may also be unable to afford insurance which would cover the treatment or their lower paying jobs may not provide insurance. These factors often leave the depression undetected and therefore untreated (Mallory and Stamler 286) . Depression is a major problem in today’s world. The number of adolescents that are committing suicide is increasing at a rapid rate. Most of these teens that are committing suicide are suffering from depression (Blackman 1) . There is a need to find ways to combat this illness. In order to combat depression, we must first combat some of the problems that cause depression, such as drug abuse (Sharp and Marrs 522) . During recent years the government has been waging a war on drugs. This effort has been somewhat unsuccessful. In order to successfully combat drug abuse we need to address the issue of poverty (Perkins 1) . First of all there needs to be access to good jobs with adequate income, as well as benefits to the employees. We need to create an effective child benefit system to combat poverty in Canadian households. There needs to be more accessible and affordable early learning and childhood programs. These programs must be available so that children can be educat ed and looked after in good quality childcare while their parents work. There is also a need for national affordable housing programs. These housing programs will greatly improve impoverished living conditions. These ideas are possible if our society and government continue to be aware of the major problem of poverty (Mallory and Stamler 287) . Blackman, Maurice. â€Å"You Asked About†¦ Adolescent Depression.† The Canadian Journal of CME May. 1995: 17 pars. 22 Nov. 2005. . Cockett, R. Drug Abuse and Personality in Young Offenders. New York: Appleton- Century-Crofts, 1971. â€Å"Finding Hope and Health: Alcohol and Drug Abuse and Depression.† National Mental Health Association. . Joiner, Thomas, and James Coyne. The Interactional Nature of Depression. Washington: American Psychological Association, 1999. Leukefeld, Carl, and William Bukosi. Drug Abuse Prevention and Intervention Research: Methodological Issues. Washington: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1991. Mallory, P. and S. Stamler. â€Å"Poverty and Homelessness.† Community Health Nursing: A Canadian Perspective. ED. L. Stamler and L. Yui. Toronto: Pearson Prentice Hall. Perkins, Anne. â€Å"Drugs War ‘Must Target Poverty’.† The Guardian 29 March 2002: A5. Saxe, Leonard. â€Å"Drug Sales Are More Common in Poor Neighborhoods.† Online posting. 29 Nov. 2001. . Sharp, Kathy Marrs, Joyce. â€Å"Depression: The essentials.† Clinical Journal of Oncology Nursing 9.5 (2005) : 519-525. â€Å"Teen Depression.† Depression Learning Path. 2005. 24 November 2005 . Research Papers on Drug Abuse and Depression in AdolescentsThe Relationship Between Delinquency and Drug UseThe Effects of Illegal ImmigrationPersonal Experience with Teen Pregnancy19 Century Society: A Deeply Divided EraArguments for Physician-Assisted Suicide (PAS)Marketing of Lifeboy Soap A Unilever ProductRelationship between Media Coverage and Social andEffects of Television Violence on ChildrenUnreasonable Searches and SeizuresAssess the importance of Nationalism 1815-1850 Europe